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Working Capital & Seller Notes: How to Structure Stronger SBA Offers

2026-01-20

Working Capital & Seller Notes: How to Structure Stronger SBA Offers

Working capital and seller financing are two of the most influential components of a competitive SBA acquisition offer. While many buyers focus primarily on purchase price and equity contribution, lenders evaluate the broader structure and how it supports operational stability post-close.

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Working capital is often an underappreciated driver of approval, especially in acquisitions between $1M and $5M. Buyers who rely solely on the target company’s cash flow from day one can face liquidity pressure during the transition or during seasonal fluctuations. Incorporating a term-financed working-capital component or securing a secondary line provides resilience. This approach aligns with common uses highlighted in Top 10 Ways Companies Use SBA 7(a) Loans.

Seller notes also significantly influence risk. A seller standby note behaves like quasi-equity, providing a cushion for cash flow in the early years. The presence of a seller note shows confidence in continuity and reduces lender exposure. For deeper context on seller involvement in acquisitions, refer to Funding an Acquisition with an SBA 7(a) Loan.

In competitive situations, the combination of thoughtful working-capital planning and a well-structured seller note dramatically improves approval odds. Buyers who anticipate lender expectations typically move through underwriting with fewer delays and more favorable terms.

FAQs

How much working capital do lenders typically require in an SBA acquisition?
Working-capital expectations vary by industry, but lenders often want 1–2 months of operating expenses built into the structure. Businesses with seasonality, project-based billing, or inventory cycles may require more.
Can working capital be financed as part of the SBA 7(a) loan?
Yes. Working capital can be financed as part of the loan up to the SBA’s $5M limit. Most lenders allocate a dedicated working-capital term portion within the acquisition loan.
How do seller standby notes improve debt service coverage?
A standby seller note requires the seller to defer payments for the first 2+ years, meaning the business doesn’t have to service that debt during the early, riskier period. This effectively improves the DSCR by lowering total required payments.
Do lenders prefer a seller note over a higher buyer equity contribution?
Lenders prefer a balanced mix; buyer cash demonstrates commitment, but seller notes reduce risk and increase alignment between seller, buyer, and lender. In many cases, a strong seller note can offset a smaller cash injection.
Can a seller note include contingencies or earn-out features under SBA rules?
No. SBA requires seller notes to be fixed-payment obligations. Earn-outs tied to performance, contingencies, or revenue thresholds are prohibited.
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